In the Netherlands, the implementation of traditional small scale nourishments and the construction of the Sand Motor resulted in very different public participation processes. Beach nourishment measures may be included in I CZM plans, which generally require stakeholder consultation. Stakeholder participation depends on the specific case and on the national context. Dune construction and reinforcement can even improve beach resilience and act as sand reservoirs, thus improving the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of beach nourishment. Beach nourishment can complement other grey measures such seawalls or groynes and green measures such as dune strengthening. An example of beach nourishment adopted within a ICZM can be found in the coastal area of Marche region in Italy. Indeed, ICZM includes principles that are also important for coastal erosion management, such as the involvement of all relevant parties and taking a long term perspective. In order to enhance the protection of coastal resources in a sustainable way, beach and shoreface nourishment can be part of broader integrated coastal management zone management (ICZM) plans, Coordination at different spatial levels of governance is required. Offshore dredging should be used carefully and should not be done in the submerged beach close to the coast to avoid impacting beach dynamics. It can also be suction-dredged from source, transported and dumped by ship or pumped ashore to build up beach profiles. Dredged material can be pumped through pipelines directly to the beach. ![]()
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